To our Friends and Clients:
There were some significant tax code changes in 2025 with the passing of the “One Big Beautiful Bill” (OBBBA). Some of these changes go straight into effect for Tax Year 2025, others will be for Tax Year 2026 and/or beyond. The following pages are to be treated as a highlight for items we think you might find important. Be sure to closely read and review the OBBBA changes. There are links (CTRL + click) below many of the highlighted items if you are looking for additional information on the subject. Please be aware that Federal, State, and local tax authorities are continually discussing, reviewing, and modifying tax laws and regulations. If you have any questions, always feel free to contact the office. Any reports referenced in this letter will not be prepared unless requested. The information in this letter is subject to change at any time and any changes occurring after December 31, 2025, are not reflected in the attached letter.
Times are changing and rapidly at that. We have noticed that it may not be prudent to have a quick once a year meeting at tax time anymore. Please utilize us throughout the year if you have questions or concerns or are looking for help with what is going on in your tax world.
Tax Year 2025 OBBBA Changes (Federal)
For Individuals
No Tax on Tips:
· Qualified tips are not taxed (from 2025-2028), such as those from rideshare drivers, food service, home services, etc. Can’t deduct tips for specified service trade or businesses (health, law, accounting, etc.).
· Tips have to be voluntary tips (there needs to be an option for a $0 tip).
· The max deduction is $25,000 for each tax return.
· Phase out at Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) > $150,000 for single filers ($300,000 MFJ).
· Employers will voluntarily report, and guidance for workers is supposed to be coming soon.
No Tax on Overtime:
· Can deduct the “half” portion of the “time-and-a-half” overtime amount (from 2025-2028).
· The max deduction is $12,500 for single filers ($25,000 MFJ).
· Phase out begins at MAGI > $150,000 for single filers ($300,000 MFJ).
.
Senior Tax Deduction:
· There is an additional $6,000 deduction for individuals 65 and older (from 2025-2028). $12,000 total for married couples where both spouses qualify.
· Phase out begins at MAGI > $75,000 for single filers ($150,000 MFJ). Not available for MFS.
No Tax on Vehicle Interest:
· Can deduct interest paid on certain personal loans to purchase a new and qualified vehicle (from 2025-2028).
· Final assembly must be in the United States.
· The max deduction is $10,000 per tax return.
· Phase out begins at MAGI > $100,000 for single filers ($200,000 MFJ).
· Do NOT need to itemize.
· No required filing form until 2026.
State and Local Tax (SALT) Cap Increase:
· For those who itemize, the SALT deduction cap has increased to $40,000 (up from $10,000 in 2024) for single filers and ($20,000 MFS).
· Phase out begins at MAGI > $500,000 for single filers and MFJ ($250,000 MFS).
· Cap increases to $40,400 in 2026 and will continue to increase at 1% through 2029.
· In 2030, the limit will revert back to $10,000.
SALT Tax Deduction 2025: What the New $40K Cap Means for You | TaxAct
*Expiring* Energy Credits:
· Clean Energy and Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicle Credits will NOT be allowed for any vehicle acquired after 9/30/2025.
· Residential Energy Credits to end 12/31/25, all property must be paid and installed by that date.
· New Energy Efficient Home Credit will not be allowed for home acquired after 6/30/25.
1099-DA:
· A new form starting in 2025 specifically for digital assets.
· These 1099 forms could require significant reconciliation since they might not include all digital asset taxable events or basis.
Adoption Credit:
· Makes adoption tax credit partially refundable up to $5,000 for a “qualified child.”
· Phase out begins at MAGI > $259,190.
Adoption Credit | Internal Revenue Service
For Businesses
Bonus Depreciation:
· Makes 100% bonus depreciation for qualified property placed in service after 1/19/2025 permanent.
· For more details see the link below Section 179.
Section 179 Deduction:
· Limit is up to $2.5 million (up from 1.25 million in 2024)
· $4 million phaseout.
OBBBA 2025: Changes to Bonus Depreciation & 179 | DHJJ
OBBBA offers new ways to accelerate depreciation | Grant Thornton
Section 199A (QBI):
· Makes 20% QBI deduction permanent.
· Phase out begins at $50,000 for single filers ($100,000 MFJ).
· Minimum deduction $400 for taxpayers with eligible business with profit > $1,000.
Permanent QBI deduction provides some tax planning certainty
Vehicle Interest Filing:
· Transition relief for 2025 lenders required to file information returns. Need to make a statement available to the buyer.
· IRS will not impose penalties for FTF information returns if they provide qualified statements.
1099-K Revision:
· Reinstated reporting threshold. Third party organizations are not required to file 1099-K unless gross income is > $20,000.
IRS revises and updates Form 1099-K frequently asked questions (FAQs)
Corporate Tax Rate:
· The federal corporate tax rate remains at a flat 21%.
· Only those corporations that regularly have taxable income of $50,000 or less will realize an increase in their tax rate (15% to 21%).
Excess Business Losses:
· Base Amounts 2025 2026
$313,000 $256,000
$626,000 $512,000
Research & Development (R&D):
· Restores full expensing of research and development costs.
· R&D can be quite complex with many procedures, please reach out to us with questions about the topic.
The OBBBA restores favorable tax treatment of domestic R&D expenses | RSM US
Opportunity Zones:
· Extends the opportunity zones program with some enhancement as of 7/4/25 but ending 12/31/26.
Opportunity zones | Internal Revenue Service
Charitable Donations:
· 1% floor on deductions for charitable contributions by corporations and cap of 10%.
Navigating the New 1 Percent Floor on Corporate Charitable Deductions
Tax Year 2025 Tax Inflation Adjustments
Standard Deduction:
· Single and Married Filing Separate (MFS) - $15,750
· Married Filing Joint (MFJ) - $31,500
· Head of Household (HOH) - $23,625
Tax Brackets:
· 37% for incomes > $626,350 ($751,600 for MFJ)
· 35% for incomes > $250,525 ($501,050 for MFJ)
· 32% for incomes > $197,300 ($394,600 for MFJ)
· 24% for incomes > $103,350 ($206,700 for MFJ)
· 22% for incomes > $48,475 ($96,950 for MFJ)
· 12% for incomes > $11,925 ($23,850 for MFJ)
· 10% for incomes < $11,925 ($23,850 for MFJ)
Gift Tax Exclusion:
· Annual gift exclusion limit has increased to $19,000 for 2025 and 2026.
· Total exemption amount increased to $15 million beginning in 2026.
One, Big, Beautiful Bill provisions | Internal Revenue Service
Long-Term Cap Gains Rates:
· Profits from sale of asset held for more than a year. Tax rate is based off taxable income.
0% Single: < $48,350 MFJ: < $96,700 HOH: < $64,750
15% Single: $48,351-$533,400 MFJ: $96,701-$600,050 HOH: $64,751-$566,700
20% Single: > $533,401 MFJ: > $600,051 HOH: > $566,701
Child Tax Credit (CTC):
· Credit is up to $2,200 per child under 17 for families with qualifying children.
· Partially refundable up to $1,700.
· Phases out for MAGI > $200,000 for single filers ($400,000 MFJ).
Child Tax Credit | Internal Revenue Service
Child & Dependent Care Tax Credit (CDCTC):
· Is nonrefundable and is used to claim a % of child care expenses.
· The credit percentage is based on your AGI which ranges from 20%-35% of qualifying expenses up to $3,000 for one child, and up to $6,000 for two+ children.
Child and Dependent Care Credit information | Internal Revenue Service
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC):
· Eligibility for the EITC is dependent on your AGI, filing status, and number of qualifying children.
· The maximum credit ranges from $649-$8,046.
Premium Tax Credit:
· ARPA’s expansion of eligibility remains in effect through 2025.
· Usually, this credit is only claimable by those with household income below 100% of the FPL (Federal Poverty Line).
· With this expansion, however, anyone who purchases healthcare via the government marketplace, and is otherwise eligible, can claim the credit.
Updates to Questions and Answers about the Premium Tax Credit
Common Tax Year 2025 Tax Deferral Options
401 (K):
· $23,500 deferral limit for employees with qualifying plans.
· Additional $7,500 of Catch-Up Contributions are available for those ages over 50.
· Additional $11,250 (instead of $7,500) of Super Catch-Up Contribution are available for those ages 60-63.
401(k) Contribution Limits for 2025 vs. 2026
Traditional IRA:
· $7,000 limit on annual IRA contributions per individual.
· Have until 4/15/2026 to contribute. Pre-tax that can grow tax-deferred.
· If covered by a retirement plan at work, phase out begins for MAGI > $79,000 for single filers ($126,000 MFJ) with no deduction if MAGI > $89,000 for single filers ($146,000 MFJ).
· If NOT covered by a retirement plan at work, there is no phase out for single filers or MFJ.
Roth IRA:
· $7,000 limit on annual IRA contributions per individual.
· Have until 4/15/2026 to contribute.
· After-tax that can grow tax-deferred. Withdrawals made after 59.5 are tax free.
· If under 50, phase out begins for MAGI > $153,000 for single filers ($242,000 MFJ) with no deduction if MAGI > $168,000 for single filers ($252,000 MFJ).
Retirement topics - IRA contribution limits | Internal Revenue Service
Health Savings Account (HSA) Contributions:
· To contribute to an HSA, you must be enrolled in an HSA-eligible health (HDHP) plan.
· $4,300 limit on self-coverage and $8,550 limit on family coverage.
· If 55 or older, can add $1,000 to the amounts above.
· Pre-tax, grows tax free, and can take tax-free withdrawals to cover HSA-eligible expenses.
Self-Employed:
· Options include Simplified Employee Pension (SEP), Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees (SIMPLE IRA Plan), and Keogh for potential retirement plans.
529 Plans:
· Annual limit for K-12 distributions up to $20,000.
· There is an expansion of allowed use of 529 funds from the OBBA.
401(k) limit increases to $23,500 for 2025, IRA limit remains $7,000 | Internal Revenue Service
https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/smart-money/hsa-contribution-limits
Retirement plans for self-employed people | Internal Revenue Service
Tax Year 2026 OBBBA Changes (Federal)
Trump Accounts:
· New type of individual retirement account (IRA) for minors.
· Will be able to start making contributions starting July 5th, 2026.
· Can contribute after tax up to $5,000.
· Accounts include a $1,000 federal match for certain children born 2025-2028.
· Withdrawal restrictions apply until age 18 unless for qualified educational or health expenses.
Trump Accounts Explained | Tax Foundation
Trump Accounts | Internal Revenue Service
Charitable Deduction:
· Non-itemizers can deduct cash donations up to $1,000 for single filers ($2,000 MFJ).
One Big Beautiful Bill: Impact on Charitable Giving | Fidelity Charitable
HSA Changes:
· Expanded eligibility. Individuals with Bronze or Catastrophic Affordable Care Act plans are allowed to contribute starting in 2026.
· It permanently allows telehealth services.
Gambling Losses:
· For both casual and professional gamblers losses must be reduced to 90% before determining how much is allowed if the taxpayer itemizes.
Paper Refund Checks:
· IRS to phase out paper tax refund checks starting with individual taxpayers.
Trump Tax Bill 2025 Summary: New Deductions, Tax Cuts, and Benefit Changes to Know | Kiplinger
Updated Forms:
· W2 will have boxes / codes for tips, overtime, and Trump accounts.
· 1099-NEC, 1099-MISC, 1099-K will have a box for tips.
Tax Year 2025 & 2026 Oregon Updates
2025 Standard Deduction:
· Single/Married Filing Separately (MFS) - $2,835
· Married Filing Jointly (MFJ) - $5,670
· Head of Household (HOH) - $4,560
Surplus Kicker Credit:
· Is a way for state government to return some of your taxes to you when revenues are more than predicted. The 1979 Oregon Legislature passed the "Two percent kicker" law, which requires the state to refund excess revenue to taxpayers when actual General Fund revenues exceed the forecast amount by more than two percent.
· The kicker is only eligible for those who filed 2024 and 2025 Oregon returns and the 2025 credit equals 9.863% of your 2024 tax liability.
Oregon Department of Revenue : Oregon Surplus (“Kicker”) : Individuals : State of Oregon
Federal Tax Subtraction:
· The federal tax subtraction on Oregon tax returns ranges from $0 to $8,500 for 2025.
2026 Itemized Pay Statements:
· Effective January 1, 2026 Employers must provide an itemized pay statement with every payment of wages, commissions, or salary.
· This is in addition to the regular paystub, not a replacement.
Oregon Kids Credit:
· Refundable credit available to eligible taxpayers with a qualifying child who is 5 or younger.
· If your MAGI is < $26,550, the full credit is $1,050 for up to five dependents.
· The credit is phased out at a MAGI > $31,550.
Educations Savings Account Credit:
· Limits for the MFS 529 Savings Plan, OR College Savings Plan, or an ABLE account are $360 if MFJ or $180 for other filing statuses.
Agricultural Overtime Law:
· Starting January 1 2025, employers will be required to pay agricultural workers who work 48 hours in a workweek and by 2027 overtime pay will be required for 40 hours.
BOLI : Minimum Wage and Overtime in Agriculture : For Employers : State of Oregon
Agricultural Employer Overtime Tax Credit:
· A tax credit is available for employers who pay overtime to their agricultural workers.
· For the credit to be claimed, employers must apply for it January 1-31 for overtime wages paid in the prior year.
· Applications can only be electronically filed and they must receive notification of the credit amount from the Department of Revenue.
Paid Leave Oregon (PLO):
· Employees are required to contribute 0.6% of gross wages.
· Self-Employed can choose PLO coverage based of the net income from your business.
· Large employers (> 25 employees) are required to contribute 0.4%, unless the employer has an equivalent plan in place.
· Small employers (< 25 employees) do not have to pay employer contribution unless they have received assistance grant in the last two years.
· While on leave, Paid Leave Oregon will pay you a percentage of your wages, based off income, and handle all payments, taking the responsibility away from the employer.
Contributions calculator - Paid Leave Oregon
Pass-Through Entity Elective Tax (PTE-E):
· In 2021 in response to the $10,000 cap on the State and Local Tax (SALT) deduction, Oregon established the Pass-Through Entity Elective Tax (PTE-E) as a workaround for certain businesses.
· For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022, partnerships and S corporations may elect to pay an annual tax equal to 9% on the first $250,000 of distributive proceeds, and 9.9% on any proceeds exceeding $250,000.
· Electing PTE members will receive a credit equal to 100% of the member’s distributive share of the PTE-E tax paid.
Corporate Activity Tax (CAT):
· Only taxpayers with more than $1 million of taxable Oregon commercial activity will have a payment obligation.
· The CAT is not sales tax, nor an income tax, but Oregon’s CAT is measured on a business’s commercial activity–the total amount a business realizes from transactions and activity in Oregon. Certain items are excluded from the definition of commercial activity and, therefore, will not be subject to the CAT.
· In addition, Oregon’s CAT allows a 35% subtraction for certain business expenses. Registration is required with the Oregon Department of Revenue once receipts are greater than $750,000.
https://www.oregon.gov/DOR/programs/businesses/Pages/corporate-activity-tax.aspx
Oregon Sick Time:
· Employers with 10 or more employees (6 if they have a Portland location) are required to implement sick time policies and provide sick time to employees.
· Otherwise, sick time is protected but unpaid. Employers are also required to provide employees with notice of the law’s provisions.
https://www.oregon.gov/boli/workers/pages/sick-time.aspx
Oregon Hourly Minimum Wage:
· On July 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026:
o The Standard rate rose to $15.05 per hour.
o Portland Metro rate rose to $16.30 per hour.
o Non-Urban Counties rate rose to $14.05 per hour.
BOLI : Oregon Minimum Wage : For Workers : State of Oregon
Bend Business License:
· Businesses that are physically located or physically conduct business in the City of Bend are required to file for a Bend business license.
· The initial application fee is $121, the annual renewal fee is $94, and the late filing fee is $20.
· The Applications can be obtained online, at City Hall, 710 NW Wall St, or by calling the city at 541-388-5529:
Register a Business in Bend | City of Bend
Tri-Met Tax Rate has increased to 0.8237% for 2025.
Lane Transit District Excise Tax was 0.79% for 2025.
· These taxes have been extended to cover unincorporated businesses. These taxes on sole proprietors and partners are paid annually with the taxpayer’s income tax return.
State Unemployment:
· Oregon’s unemployment base compensation has increased to $54,300 for calendar year 2025.
· The base tax rate for new employers will be 2.4%.
· Tip income is subject to state unemployment tax. Coming out 11/15/25.
All businesses with the following information returns (1099-G, 1099-K, 1099-MISC, 1099-NEC, 1099-R, and W-2G) are required to file information electronically to Oregon through IWIRE. Penalties for not filing timely or accurate 1099s can be as much as $25,000. For more information call 503-945-8100 or check the website: http://www.oregon.gov/DOR/programs/businesses/Pages/iwire.aspx.
The 2024 Withholding Annual Reconciliation Report (Form WR) must be submitted by January 31, 2025. Filing requirements for domestic (household) employees are on an annual basis. The information is reported on 2024 Form OA-Domestic, and must be submitted by January 31, 2025.
Workers' Benefit Fund Assessment Rate:
· Starting January 1, 2024, the Department of Consumer & Business Services is set to decrease the workers' compensation assessment rate to 2.0 cents for each hour or part of an hour worked by each employee.
· Employers must pay at least half the amount (1.0 cents per hour) and deduct no more than half from workers’ wages.
Tax Year 2025 Payroll and Information Returns Update
To assist you in determining which forms you may need to file in 2026 for the 2025 tax year, we strongly encourage you to visit the IRS website on 1099 filings and the filing deadlines at:
https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/a-guide-to-information-returns
If you will be issuing 1099-NEC’s to our partnership, complete the recipient’s name box and identification number on the 1099 as follows:
Ashford & Associates LLP
Employer ID# 81-3208681
Filings:
· Form OQ, Schedule B, and Form 132 electronic payroll filings now go through Frances Online which is a web-based application.
https://frances.oregon.gov/Employer/_/
· Form OR-WR and Form W-2s need to be filed electronically on Revenue Online.
Oregon Department of Revenue : Welcome Page : State of Oregon
Wages:
· For 2025 the limits for Social Security have been adjusted up to $176,100 for base wages at a rate of 6.2% for employer and employee, or 12.4% for self-employed individuals.
· Medicare wages do not have a limit and the rate is 1.45% for employer and employee, or 2.9% for self-employed individuals.
· An employer must also withhold additional Medicare Tax of 0.9% from wages it pays to an individual in excess of $200,000 in a calendar year.
Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA):
· Federal unemployment tax for 2025 is 0.6% on the base compensation of $7,000 for a maximum tax per employee of $42.
· This assumes a 5.4% credit for payments to your state unemployment fund. If you do not pay state unemployment, your FUTA rate may be higher up to a maximum of 6.0%.
· For 2024, the FUTA deposit threshold is $500, i.e., if the deposit is less than $500 you may carry it forward to subsequent periods until the threshold is met.
Other Payroll Items
2024 Social Security, Medicare and Federal Unemployment Taxes for Household Employees:
· All taxes are reported and paid on Form 1040, Schedule H unless the taxpayer is already filing Form 941 or 943 for an unincorporated business.
· You must complete Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement for each household employee and give copies to your employee by January 31, 2025. You must send copy A of Form W-2 with Form W-3 to the Social Security Administration (SSA) by January 31, 2025.
· Oregon also follows annual reporting rules but uses a separate form called Form OA-Domestic. An Oregon Form WR should also be completed for your household employees.
Information Returns:
· Everyone engaged in a trade or business, including partnerships and non-profit organizations, must file information returns for calendar year 2024 for certain payments made to others in the course of a trade or business.
· Examples include payments to individuals and partnerships for services, rent, interest, and debt forgiveness.
· Also required are information returns to report the purchase of real estate.
You must have a W-9 form on file for every 1099 form you issue:
· W-9’s should be in the payee’s possession prior to any payments being made. Blank W-9 forms and instructions can be found at:
· Penalties start at $50 per informational return if the returns are not filed until after the deadline and can grow to $290 per information return if returns are not filed by August 1st. If you do not file the information forms at all and you are found by the IRS that you intentionally disregarded the filing rules, the penalty is $580 per return and you can be assessed additional penalties on top of that.
· Examples of where intentional disregard may be asserted are not getting a signed Form W-9 from the recipient, or you do not have all the information from the recipient necessary to file a proper 1099.
Reporting payments made to a corporation are generally not required unless the payments are the following:
1. Medical and health care payments
2. Withheld Federal income tax or foreign tax
3. Barter exchange transactions
4. Substitute payments in lieu of dividends and tax-exempt interest
5. Acquisitions or abandonment of secured property
6. Cancellation of debt
7. Payment of attorney’s fees and gross proceeds paid to attorneys
8. Fish purchases for cash
9. The credits for qualified tax credit bonds treated as interest
10. Merchant card and third-party network payments
11. Federal executive agency payments for services
For additional information and a complete listing of 1099 instructions please visit the IRS website at:
https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/a-guide-to-information-returns .
As of 2020 the IRS has brought back the Form 1099-NEC (Non-Employee Compensation) to simplify 1099 deadlines. Use form 1099-NEC over 1099-MISC for at least $600 in services performed by someone who is not your employee, cash payments for fish, or payments to an attorney.
https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1099msc
Additional information regarding penalties and actions for missing and incorrect name/tax identification number combinations can be found at the website:
http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p1586.pdf
In the recent Oregon Tax Court case of Millers vs. Department of Revenue, State of Oregon, tax deductions were disallowed due to 1099s not being filed timely. The basis of the decision was made under Oregon Revenue Statute 305.217.
Other Information
Foreign Accounts and Foreign Assets:
· If at any time during the year you had a foreign bank account or other financial assets exceeding $10,000, Treasury Department forms must be filed.
· The fines for not reporting these assets can be as high as $500,000. Criminal prosecution could also result with a maximum prison sentence of up to 10 years.
· Foreign institutions are now required to cooperate with the IRS to facilitate the tracking of these assets. You must disclose to us if at any time you had a foreign bank account or other foreign assets over $10,000. Unreported income from foreign assets could result in a penalty of 40% and extend the statute of limitations from three to six years. This would allow the IRS an extra three years to assess additional tax.
· If you have any unreported income from foreign assets in prior years, please contact us. This is a very serious matter that should be addressed immediately.
Comparison of Form 8938 and FBAR requirements | Internal Revenue Service
Alimony:
· The alimony deduction by payor has been eliminated, if payment was pursuant to a divorce or separation decree executed after 2018, or to a modification to an existing agreement made after 2018 (if the modification expressly provides for the new law to apply).
· Accordingly, alimony under post-2018 agreements or modifications is no longer includible in the recipient’s income.
Frequently asked questions on gift taxes | Internal Revenue Service
Home Sale Exclusion:
· If from the sale of your primary house you have capital gain, you may qualify to exclude up to $250,000 ($500,000 if married filing joint) of that gain if you meet qualifications for both the ownership and use test.
Topic no. 701, Sale of your home | Internal Revenue Service
Hobby Activities:
· Under the TCJA the miscellaneous itemized deduction for hobby expenses is no longer allowed; as a result, taxpayers will now pay tax on any income generated by hobby activities.
National Guard Subtraction:
· Pay for active service in the National Guard can now generally be subtracted from taxable income if the service is authorized by the Governor. Make sure to check the detail on your Oregon residency and station status for exact filing requirements.
Oregon Department of Revenue : Military personnel : Individuals : State of Oregon
Other Businesses Information
Personal Property Tax Reports:
· The reporting date for business personal property tax reports is December 31. You will need to file a report listing all equipment owned on December 31, 2024 by March 15, 2025 with no extensions.
Business Meals: Remain only 50% deductible in 2025.
Home Office:
· For businesses, the home office deduction allows qualified taxpayers to deduct certain home expenses that are calculated on Form 8829.
How small business owners can deduct their home office from their taxes | Internal Revenue Service
Mileage:
· Beginning on January 1, 2025, the standard mileage rates are $0.70/mi for business, $0.21/mi for medical or military moving and $0.14/mi for charity.
Per-Diem Reimbursements:
· The General Services Administration (GSA) sets the per diem reimbursement rates. In order to be reimbursed, the employer must maintain an accountable plan.
https://www.gsa.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates
http://www.irs.gov/publications/p463/index.html.Topical Index
This letter was not meant to be exhaustive, and there are always individual details with your tax scenario. Please contact the office if there is anything we can assist with, otherwise we look forward to helping with your 2025 tax filings.
Sincerely,
Ashford & Associates, LLP
Certified Public Accountants